docker
1.类似于 虚拟机 阔以虚拟出很多容器 在容器里的 运行各种环境, 每个容器之间互不干扰,且容器占用资源很少,阔以充分利用 硬件资源
Docker帮助命令
docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息 ,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #万能帮助命令
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官方 api :https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/
镜像命令
[root@controller ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ticket v1.2.004 7063389943a6 13 hours ago 699MB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的版本信息
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的占用大小
#可选项
-a, --all #列出 所有镜像
-q, --quiet #只显示镜像的ID
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docker仓库搜索主页:https://hub.docker.com/
docker search 搜索镜像
[root@controller ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10760 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4050 [OK]
#可选项,通过搜索来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的镜像就STARS大于3000的
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docker pull 下载镜像
#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:TAG]
[root@controller ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不写 tag, 默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
f7ec5a41d630: Already exists
9444bb562699: Pull complete #分层下载 docker images的核心 联合文件系统
6a4207b96940: Pull complete
181cefd361ce: Pull complete
8a2090759d8a: Pull complete
15f235e0d7ee: Pull complete
d870539cd9db: Pull complete
5726073179b6: Pull complete
eadfac8b2520: Pull complete
f5936a8c3f2b: Pull complete
cca8ee89e625: Pull complete
6c79df02586a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:6e0014cdd88092545557dee5e9eb7e1a3c84c9a14ad2418d5f2231e930967a38 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
#等价于他
docker pull mysql
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
##指定版本下载
[root@controller ~]# docker pull mysql:5.6
5.6: Pulling from library/mysql
62deabe7a6db: Pull complete
81ba35f9cdf1: Pull complete
5c8f6a545aa1: Pull complete
9ced99c328da: Pull complete
1983b7d65f8f: Pull complete
2fc89d436e20: Pull complete
6cd56cc7fc71: Pull complete
ff26e0e5f66f: Pull complete
cf5586a4456d: Pull complete
53d17e698ea2: Pull complete
b5c84062b3c4: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:5d63153bf35070c230b9d41a754651d99053cbf19a9eec70ebeba926a304761f
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.6
docker.io/library/mysql:5.6
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docker rmi 删除镜像
[root@controller ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id #删除指定的镜像
[root@controller ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id #删除多个镜像 空格 隔开
[root@controller ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images 镜像名称 -aq) #删除指定的名称的所有镜像
[root@controller ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)#删除所有的镜像
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容器命令
说明:我们有了镜像才阔以创建容器,Linux,下载一个centos 镜像来测试学习一样
docker pull centos
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新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] images
#参数说明
--name="Name" #容器名字 tomcat 01 tomcat 02 ,用来区分容器
-d #后台方式运行
-it #使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p #指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p #ip:主机端口:容器端口(常用)
-p #主机端口:容器端口(常用)
-p #容器端口
-P(大写) #随机指定端口
#测试 ,启动并进入容器
[root@controller ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@be3162ff8495 /]#
[root@be3162ff8495 /]# ls #查看容器内的centos 基础版本 ,很多命令都是不完善的
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#从容器中退回主机
[root@be3162ff8495 /]# exit
exit
[root@controller ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg bak index.html.1 QiangPiao
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列出所有的运行中容器
#docker ps 命令
#列出当前正在运行的容器
-a #列出当前正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行过的容器
-n=? #列出最近创建的容器
-q #只显示容器的编号
[root@controller ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
74bdd8e4bf1c ticket:v1.2.004 "sh -c 'python run.p…" 13 hours ago Up 13 hours ticket
1c35fec0aa37 yinaoxiong/12306_code_server:amd64 "gunicorn app:app -c…" 13 hours ago Up 13 hours 80/tcp captcha
[root@controller ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
be3162ff8495 centos "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago elastic_kepler
74bdd8e4bf1c ticket:v1.2.004 "sh -c 'python run.p…" 13 hours ago Up 13 hours ticket
1c35fec0aa37 yinaoxiong/12306_code_server:amd64 "gunicorn app:app -c…" 13 hours ago Up 13 hours 80/tcp captcha
87bf14180ae9 d76e13c67caa "/bin/sh -c 'pip ins…" 14 hours ago Exited (1) 14 hours ago heuristic_euler
2c595523607f d76e13c67caa "/bin/sh -c 'pip ins…" 14 hours ago Exited (1) 14 hours ago kind_hofstadter
8788a0a702aa d76e13c67caa "/bin/sh -c 'pip ins…" 15 hours ago Exited (1) 15 hours ago suspicious_rubin
74aa75d1e057 d76e13c67caa "/bin/sh -c 'pip ins…" 15 hours ago Exited (1) 15 hours ago jovial_lichterman
7a83b8abafa6 d76e13c67caa "/bin/sh -c 'pip ins…" 15 hours ago Exited (1) 15 hours ago bold_golick
12167e7c08d7 d76e13c67caa "/bin/sh -c 'pip ins…" 15 hours ago Exited (1) 15 hours ago epic_antonelli
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退出容器
exit #退出容器停止退出
Ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出
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重新进入容器
#重新进入已经 运行中的容器
[root@controller ~]# docker exec -it centos 容器id /bin/bash
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删除容器
docker rm #容器id,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f (docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器
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启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器
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常用其他命令
后台启动
#命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@controller ~]# docker run -d centos # 停止了
#问题docker ps,发现centos停止了
#常见的坑:docker容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker 发现没有应用,就会自动停止
#nginx,容器启动后发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了
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查看日志
docker logs #查看日志
[root@controller ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 次数(all) 容器id
#编写一段shell脚本
docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo wumengxiang;sleep 1 ;done"
#显示日志
-tf #显示日志 跟踪日志输出
--tail number #要显示的次数
[root@controller ~]# docker logs -ft --tail 10 26722b7802b6
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查看容器中进程信息 PS
#docker top 容器id
[root@controller ~]# docker top 26722b7802b6
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查看镜像的元数据
#查看镜像元数据 配置信息
#命令
#docker inspect 容器id
[root@controller ~]# docker inspect 26722b7802b6
[
{
"Id": "26722b7802b62dfb0d9fbb5f2a61ebbab13cdc9d6055184cd6a10d6465167bb7",
"Created": "2021-04-17T11:08:50.849988313Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo wumengxiang;sleep 1 ;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 9180,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-04-17T11:08:51.187033823Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/26722b7802b62dfb0d9fbb5f2a61ebbab13cdc9d6055184cd6a10d6465167bb7/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/26722b7802b62dfb0d9fbb5f2a61ebbab13cdc9d6055184cd6a10d6465167bb7/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/26722b7802b62dfb0d9fbb5f2a61ebbab13cdc9d6055184cd6a10d6465167bb7/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/26722b7802b62dfb0d9fbb5f2a61ebbab13cdc9d6055184cd6a10d6465167bb7/26722b7802b62dfb0d9fbb5f2a61ebbab13cdc9d6055184cd6a10d6465167bb7-json.log",
"Name": "/fervent_lewin",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/88a13f7ac3637c3016862cfa00644a1ad59ae0a85ae4f1200824125e2ba3d4b3-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9a2e43421200bf74f4c1be365d8ac917353bdc97443beca702dff9564d43b2ba/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/88a13f7ac3637c3016862cfa00644a1ad59ae0a85ae4f1200824125e2ba3d4b3/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/88a13f7ac3637c3016862cfa00644a1ad59ae0a85ae4f1200824125e2ba3d4b3/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/88a13f7ac3637c3016862cfa00644a1ad59ae0a85ae4f1200824125e2ba3d4b3/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "26722b7802b6",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo wumengxiang;sleep 1 ;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "c6041bb5db9503603faad81fc3e54b30cd284cb9c58ad844b91053cd78534c7e",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/c6041bb5db95",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "229d7811b1c3ddc5dc782ab742ffe4d2f2b77ebbe81e4cbac7bc57e1bf37f668",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "f8e5e9e96cceb83aa520710e9d403fff8c22fc9663bb93567a94664a73b27f4c",
"EndpointID": "229d7811b1c3ddc5dc782ab742ffe4d2f2b77ebbe81e4cbac7bc57e1bf37f668",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
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进入当前正在运行的容器
#我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置
#命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
[root@controller ~]# docker exec -it 254403079f5d /bin/bash
[root@254403079f5d /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@254403079f5d /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 14:39 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 22 0 0 14:40 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 38 22 0 14:40 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
#方式二
docker attach 容器id
[root@controller ~]# docker attach 254403079f5d
正在执行当前的代码...
#docker exec #进入容器开启一个新的终端,阔以在里边操作(常用)
#docker attach #进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程!
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从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp #容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径
[root@controller ~]# docker cp 254403079f5d:/root/1.txt /root
#进入容器内
[root@controller ~]# docker attach 254403079f5d
[root@254403079f5d /]# cd /root
[root@254403079f5d ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg anaconda-post.log original-ks.cfg
#在容器内创建文件
[root@254403079f5d ~]# touch 1.txt
[root@254403079f5d ~]# vi 1.txt
[root@254403079f5d ~]# touch 1.txtread escape sequence
[root@controller ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
254403079f5d centos "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes silly_johnson
1c35fec0aa37 yinaoxiong/12306_code_server:amd64 "gunicorn app:app -c…" 24 hours ago Up 24 hours 80/tcp captcha
#拷贝容器内的文件到主机
[root@controller ~]# docker cp 254403079f5d:/root/1.txt /root
[root@controller ~]# cd /root
[root@controller ~]# ls
1.txt 74bdd8e4bf1c329da59c8e61f29305c8d0d4f12de16a8989c24af940312cedee-json.log anaconda-ks.cfg bak index.html.1 log.txt QiangPiao
[root@controller ~]# cat 1.txt
䚲oot@controller ~]# docker attach 254403079f5d
#拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术实现
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作业练习
#1,搜索镜像 search 建议取docker搜索,罗伊看到帮助
#2,下载镜像 pull
#3,运行测试
[root@controller ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ticket v1.2.004 7063389943a6 26 hours ago 699MB
<none> <none> 093c1084dd98 26 hours ago 699MB
<none> <none> 91b3e3f0dcd9 26 hours ago 699MB
<none> <none> cade8fef7277 26 hours ago 699MB
<none> <none> d76e13c67caa 27 hours ago 677MB
nginx latest 62d49f9bab67 3 days ago 133MB
python 3.7-slim-buster 30a42f143b4e 7 days ago 113MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 4 months ago 209MB
yinaoxiong/12306_code_server amd64 6438c6eddbe0 10 months ago 355MB
# -d 后台运行
# --name 给容器命名
# -p 宿主机端口:容器内部端口
[root@controller ~]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
feec69ca5f0e35b9d18c7500eb6690664754139d256941cb4c942682eef18497
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tomcat
#官方的使用
docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0
#之前的启动都是后台,停止了容器之后,容器还是阔以查到 docker run -it --rm,一般用来测试 用完就删除了
# 下载在启动
docker pull tomcat
#启动运行
[root@controller ~]# docker run -d -p 3366:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat
512d2385037059264c14307a6c22fbcfbc1306d9984f2b11d20da67370393db8
#测试访问没有问题
#进入容器
[root@controller ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash
#发现问题 1.Linux 命令少了 2,没有webapps 。阿里云镜像的问题 默认是最小的 所有不必要的都剔除了 。
#保证最小可运行环境
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思考问题:我们以后要部署环境,如果每次都要进入容器是不是十分麻烦?我们要是阔以在容器外部提供一个映射路径 webapps我们在外部放置项目,就自动同步到内部就好了
docker 容器 tomcat + 网站 docker mysql
作业:部署es +kibana
#es 暴漏的端口很多!
#es 十分的耗内存
#es 的数据一般需要放置到安全目录!挂载
#--net somenetwork ? 网络配置
#启动
docker run -d --name elasticsearch --net somenetwork -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" elasticsearch:
#启动 就卡住了 dicker stats 查看cpu的状态
#es是 十分消耗内存的
#测试一下 es是不是成功了
#增加一下内存限制
{
"name" : "c309e30fa307",
"cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
"cluster_uuid" : "zaVJda3bS2e5c5voJMNy-g",
"version" : {
"number" : "7.12.0",
"build_flavor" : "default",
"build_type" : "docker",
"build_hash" : "78722783c38caa25a70982b5b042074cde5d3b3a",
"build_date" : "2021-03-18T06:17:15.410153305Z",
"build_snapshot" : false,
"lucene_version" : "8.8.0",
"minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
"minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
},
"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
docker run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "d0 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-xms64m -xmx512m" elasticsearch:7.12.0
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